Abrasion-testing machine.



G. L. NORRIS.

ABRASKION TESTING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED ocT.2. 1913.

coLuMBlA PLANonlAPH co..wAsmNa1oN. D. c.

G. L. ANORRIS.. ABRAsId'N lTESTING MAcHlNE. APPLICATION4 FILED 0CT.2. 1913. y 1,156,803. Patented 0et.12,1915.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

GEORGE L. NORRIS, 0F PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO TINIUS OLSEN TESTING MACHINE COMPANY, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, A CORPORA- TION 0F PENNSYLVANIA.

ABRASION-TESTING MACHINE.

Application filed October 2, 1913.

To aZZ'wz/om it' may concern Y Be it -known that I, GEORGE L. NoRRIs, a citizen' of the United States, residing in Pittsburgh, Allegheny county, Pennsylvania, have invented certain Improvements in Abrasion-Testing Machines, of which ,the following is a specification. y

One 'object-of my invention is to provide a relatively simple, substantial and conveniently operated machine for testing the resistance of any material in the shape Vof a suitable'piece, to abrasion, it being further desiredathat the machine shall include means for applying any suitable load to the piece undertest,-. as well as means whereby the amount of this load-may be 'conveniently observed.

I further desire to -provide a `machine having the above noted characteristics which shall be particularly adapted to operateupon test'pi'eoesfof relatively small `size and by which it lshall be possible lto determine the resistance' of'fthe givenpiece to abrasion when subject to any desired loading.

These objects and other advantageous ends I securefashereinafter set forth, reference beinghad tothe accompanying drawings, in Which?-v Figure 1 is a side elevation of a machine constructed according to my invention; Fig. 2 is a front elevation of the machine shown infFig. 1;:Fig. 3 is a fragmentary vertical sectionfon the line a-(r, Fig. 1; and Fig. 4 is a perspective viewof one of the test pieces uponlwhich my machine is designed to operate.

Iny the above drawings, 1 represents a suitablev supporting `base 'structure forming part of (Sr, in' the present case, bolted to .ahollow 'column-like frame structure2 having hinged tofone side yofits upper enda load applying beam 3, there being provided a pivot bolt 4 whereby thisbeam is so connected to lthe frame' 2l aswto be vfree to swing in a substantially verticalV plane. In the upper part of the-frame 2 are provided bearings for' two substantially horizontal vshafts 5 and 6 which projectlbeyo'nd one Aside orf-said frame and have keyed or otherwise fixed to them, .two gear wheels?? and-8 of the same-or different diameters `as desired Meshingf withv both ofthese-gearsis a thirdA gear 9 fixed to one end of a driving shaft A10 which on its opposite'end isnprovided with a dri-vingfpulley Specification of Letters Patent.

Serial No. 792,977.

10a actuated from any suitable source of power.

Keyed or otherwise suitably fixed to each Patented Oct. 12, 1915.'

of the shafts 5 and 6, between the side members of the frame 2, are two rollersll and i 12, each preferably provided with a central annular groove 13. If the gears 7 and 8 are 0f different sizes, the rollers 11 and 12 may be both of the same diameter or of'different diameters, or if the two vgears 1 and 8 are of the same dia-meter, these rollers are of different diameters so that in any case, the revolution of the driving pulley causes these rollers to turn with differential -surface speeds. The load-applyingbeam 3 is providedwith bearings for a thi-rd roller 14 likewisehaving a central annular :groove 15 in substantially the same plane as the groovesl 13 of the rollers 11 and 12. The free end of this beam 3 is connected through suitable shackles 16 and 17 as well as throughthe actuating member of a suitable form of tension indicating device 18, with a screw 19 passing through the threaded hub yof a hand l wheel 20. rlhis latter is mounted between two brackets 21 and 22 forming part of for attached to the frame parts 2 and 1 so? that revolution of said wheel will cause longitudinalmovement of the screw. Y

The material whose resistance to abrasion .is to be determined is given the form-of a nular rib of substantially the width of the grooves 13 and 15 of the rollers `11,12 and 14. Such a test piece is mounted upon the two iirst of these rollers with its yrib w y in their grooves 13, after which the load applying beam 3 is given the position shown in Fig. 1 with its roller 14 engagingthe test piece whose rib likewise extends into vthe groove 15. At the same time the Amain cylindrical surface of said test piece restsin contact with the cylindrical surfaces of the f cated by the pointer 23fof said instrument. f

Y face of the test piece with which it is engaged causes a greater or less abrasion or Wear of the material thereof; and obviously the amount of this abrasion is dependent upon the speed of the rollers 7 and S and the load applied through the roller 14 by means of the beam 3 and its associated mechanism, being also dependent upon the time of operation of the machine as well as upon the material of the piece under test.

After the elapse 0f a predetermined interval, the test piece :r may be removed and its loss in diameter determined by suitable measurement or if desired, the amount of abrasion may be determined by weighing before and after it has been subjected to the action of the machine. The three rollers employed may be of any desired or suitable material and more or less roughened and the two driving rollers may be operated at any suitable speed. It is of course to be understood that the test piece may be held from movement parallel to the aXes of the shafts 5 and 6 by other means than the rib m and the complementary grooves in the three rollers, so that in any case, the amount of abrasion occurring under predetermined conditions Ywill be dependent upon the physical qualities of the test piece, when the speed of the rolls, the condition of the roll surfaces and the load applied are constant.

'I claim 1. The combination in an abrasion testing machine of means including two members having differential surface speeds and Y independently operated to both abrade a test piece; and means for causing Said abrading means to operate under a predetermined load.

2. The combination in an abrasion testing machine of means for rotatably supporting a test piece including a rotary abrading member having a cylindrical surface engaging the test piece in position to rotate the same; and means for applying a predetermined load to said test piece; with means for causing slip between said member and the test piece.

3. The combination in an abrasion testing machine of a supporting frame; two

ing suchv piece into engagement with said rolls.

A 4;. The combination in an abrasion testing machine of a supporting structure; a plurality of rolls carried thereby and mounted to engage a test piece; means for driving two of said rolls so that they have different surface speeds; and ameans for positively forcing said rolls and the test piece together.

5. The combination in an abrasion testing machine of a plurality of driven rolls mounted to support a test piece; means for causing one of said rolls to have a certain speed different from the other; a load-applying beam; a third roll carried by said beam in position to engage the test piece; and means for forcing said beam with its roll toward the test piece.

6. The combination in an abrasion testing machine of a plurality of driven rolls each having an annular recess for the reception of the annular rib of a cylindrical testing piece; means for causing one of said rolls to be driven at a surface speed diierent from that of the other; and means for pressing a test piece toward the rolls with a predetermined force.

7. The combination in an abrasion testing machine of a supporting structure; two rolls carried thereby; means for driving said rolls so that they have different surface speeds; a load-applying beam hinged to the supporting structure; a roll carried by said beam for engagement with the test piece; and means for applying a predetermined load to the free end of said beam.

8. The combination in an abrasion testing machine of a supporting structure; supp0rting rolls carried thereby; means for driving said rolls sol that they have 'diferentnsurface speeds; a load applying beam hinged to the supporting structure; a rotary member carried by said beam for engaging a test piece supported by the two rolls; a hand wheel having a threaded nut; and a screw passingthrough said'nut and connected to the load applying beam.

9. The combination in an abrasion testing machine of a supporting structure; supporting rolls carried thereby; means for driving said rolls so that they have different surface speeds; a load applying beam hinged tothe supporting structure; a rotary mem.- ber carried by said beamfor engaging a test piece supported by the two rolls; a hand wheel having a threaded nut; a screw passing through said nut and connected to the load applying beam; and a load indicating instrument interposed between said screw and the beam.

10. The combination in an abrasion testing machine of a plurality of positively driven rolls mounted to act on atest piece; and means for forcing said piece toward said rolls with a definite pressure; the parts means for forcing said piece toward said rolls with a definite pressure; with means for varying at will the force acting to press the test piece toward the rolls, the parts of the machine being arranged to cause slipA between one of the rolls and the test piece.V

12. The combination in an abrasion testing machine of a plurality of positively driven rolls mounted to act on a test piece; means for forcing said piece toward said rolls with a definite pressure; with means for preventing relative lateral movement between the rolls and the test piece, the parts of the machine being arranged to cause slip between one of the rolls and the test piece.

In testimony whereof, I have signed my name to this specification, in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

i GEORGE L. NORRIS. Witnesses: v

M.y NEUMACHER, J. EARL HENRY.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for ve cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. C. 

